Methylation profiling of DNA in the area of atherosclerotic plaque in humans

Mutation theory of atherogenesis proved by “loss of heterozygosity” and microsatellite instability in the area of atherosclerotic plaques is complemented by data on epigenetic variability of genetic loci involved in the pathologic process. However, only recently large-scale analysis of epigenetic modifications in the human genome became possible. For the first time, the quantitative microarray-based methylation profiling of 1505 CpG-sites in 807 genes was performed in atherosclerotic plaques of aorta and carotid artery from humans using the GoldenGate Methylation Cancer Panel I (Illumina, United States). One hundred and three (7%) CpG-sites in 90 (11%) genes were differentially methylated between tissue samples. The most pronounced differences in DNA methylation levels were registered for a site located in CpG-island of the imprinted gene H19. By comparing 90 genes that were differentially methylated between tissue samples in our study, 10 genes (ICAM1, GSTM1, IGFBP1, POMC, APOA1, IL1RN, INS, LTA, MMP3, THBS2) were overlapped with data in the Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet), in which they were identified as candidates for cardiovascular disease continuum.