高粱抗蚜研究进展

高粱(Sorghum bicolour)是世界上最重要的粮食、饲料、酿造和能源作物之一, 也是C₄植物研究的模式植物。蚜虫是农业生产上的重要害虫, 几乎危害所有的栽培作物。危害高粱的蚜虫主要包括高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)和玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)。高粱的抗蚜资源尚不丰富且缺乏深入系统的研究。目前研究较多的是麦二叉蚜的抗性遗传方面, 已定位20个抗性QTLs, 单一QTL对抗性差异贡献率最高可达80.3%, 对高粱蚜和玉米蚜的研究尚需进一步加强。高粱的理化特性与其抗蚜性能相关, 故可与育种实践相结合。高粱和蚜虫(Acyrthosiphon pisum)的全基因组测序工作已经完成, 这将有助于蚜虫-植物间的相互作用关系及植物对蚜虫的抗性机制研究。目前已克隆到2个抗蚜基因, 且多个抗蚜基因(位点)已被定位在染色体上。该文重点综述了上述研究成果并对高粱抗蚜的研究前景进行了展望。

Resistance to Aphids in Sorghum:a Review

Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important crops in the world,used for food,fodder,alcoholic beverages,as well as biofuel production,and also serves as a C4 model plant.Aphids are major agricultural pests injuring nearly all cultivated crops.Sorghum aphid(Melanaphis sacchari),greenbug(Schizaphis graminum) and corn leaf aphid(Rhopa-losiphum maidis) are the major aphid species damaging sorghum growth.We lack sorghum aphid-resistance germplasm and systematic study.Some progress has been made in sorghum greenbug resistance research.Recently 20 resistant quantitative trait loci(QTL) were mapped,and the maximum resistant phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL reached 80.3%,but little is known about the resistance to sorghum aphid and corn leaf aphid.The morphological char-acters and chemical contents of sorghum could affect aphid resistance.Such resistance-related traits may be useful for breeding.The published sorghum and pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum) genome sequences could help in better under-standing the aphid-plant interaction and plant aphid-resistance mechanism.Two aphid-resistance genes have been cloned,but more genes and QTLs are needed.Here,we review recent studies of sorghum aphid resistance and propose possible future research.