长期施肥对黄淮海平原农田中小型土壤节肢动物的影响

在2008年9月和2009年2月,采用改良干漏斗方法(Modified Tullgren)对黄淮海地区长期定位施肥试验下中小型土壤节肢动物进行调查。试验包括氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷(NP)、氮钾(NK)、磷钾(PK)、有机肥(OM)、1∶1化学氮肥与有机氮肥(OMNPK)和不施肥(CK)7个处理。结果表明:OM和OMNPK处理有利于提高土壤动物丰富度和多样性;NK处理不利于土壤动物的生存和发展,缺磷影响了土壤动物数量的增长;从优势类群弹尾目和蜱螨目来看,OM和OMNPK处理对弹尾目等节跳科、棘跳科和球角跳科的生长有利,而圆跳科在NPK处理下具有更高的数量;OMNPK处理对蜱螨目中气门亚目有显著的正效应,对前气门亚目和甲螨亚目也有一定的正向作用;氮肥对弹尾目没有表现出正相关关系,但在一定程度上增加了蜱螨目的数量。

Effects of long-term fertilization on cropland soil meso-micro arthropods in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

By using modified Tullgren method,the community composition of meso-micro arthropods in agricultural soils under long-term fertilization in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was investigated in September 2008 and February 2009.There were seven fertilization treatments,i.e.,chemical N,P and K(NPK),N and P(NP),N and K(NK),P and K(PK),organic manure(OM),OM and NPK(organic nitrogen:fertilizer nitrogen = 1:1)(OMNPK),and no-fertilization (CK).Treatments OM and OMNPK increased the abundance and diversity of arthropods,while treatment NK had significant negative effects on soil arthropods because of the P deficiency.As for the dominant groups Colicmbola and Acari,treatments OM and OMNPK benefited the growth of Isotomidae,Hypogastruridae,and Onychiuridae(Collembola),while treatment NPK benefited Sminthuridae(Collembola).Treatment OMNPK had significant positive effects on Mesostigmata(Acari),and had deftinte positive effects on Oribatida and Prostigmata(Acari).Nitrogen fertilizer had no positive effects on Collembola,but increased the number of Acari.