吉林和龙大洞遗址黑曜岩雕刻器的制作技术与功能

本文通过分析雕刻器技术及制作过程,提出雕刻器的斜棱刃应作为主要使用部位的假设。作者结合我国长白山地区吉林大洞遗址出土的黑曜岩斜刃雕刻器材料,运用微痕观察,发现斜棱刃上存在三种不同特征的痕迹及痕迹组合。随后,通过模拟雕刻器技术打制雕刻器标本,并用其斜棱刃对不同材质的加工对象进行横向"刮刨"的动作,结果产生与考古标本上一致的特征,证实假设成立。根据对部分被加工的骨角器表面情况分析,推测斜刃雕刻器的主体功能是"微加工",达到器物表面逐渐光滑的结果,为探讨磨制骨器技术起源提供了新的思路。

Technology and functions of the obsidian burins from the Helong Dadong site in Jilin province

This paper analyses the technology and technological procedures of burin manufacture and puts forward a hypothesis that the bevel-edge was the main uitilised edge of the beveled burin. There are some obsidian bevel-burins in the Dadong site in the Changbai Mountain region, Jilin province. It has been found that three kinds of micro-wear existed on the beveled edge of these burins, along with combinations of micro-wear. These wear traces are parallel lines, blunting of edges, and flake scarring. Experimental burins were made of obsidian raw materials with burin technology, and they were used to work different objects such as wood, leather, bamboo and antler. As the beveled edges are used for scraping and planing, the same three kinds of use-wear as found on the Dadong burins appear on the edges of the experimental tools. Therefore the hypothesis is confirmed that the beveled edge was the functional part of these burins. In addition, based on analysis of the smooth surfaces of worked antler, the bevel-burin’s main function is judged to be fine-scale work. This conclusion is reasonable enough to suggest the application of grinding in the origin of bone artifact technology.