基于自然的解决方案在北方防沙带生态屏障建设中的应用

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)通过自然资源高效利用和适应性生态系统管理应对多样化挑战，是国际上普遍认可的生态恢复前沿理念，我国的国家生态屏障建设从本质上是中国特色的NbS,具有系统性、综合性和多尺度特征。NbS的对象、主体、目标以及方案等方面与生态屏障的建设思路上高度契合，相关准则能够为生态屏障建设提供全面的理论思路和实践框架。以北方防沙带生态屏障带为例，从北方防沙带的生态问题入手，深入剖析了NbS与探讨了北方防沙带生态屏障之间的耦合关系，从“格局-过程-尺度”机理、“服务-价值-福祉”路径和“保护-修复-管理”体系角度对NbS实施准则和北方防沙带生态屏障进行了阐述；并结合基于自然解决方案的北方防沙带案例分析，总结了NbS在北方防沙带生态屏障建设中的未来发展趋势和面临的挑战。

Application of the Nature-based Solutions concept in the ecological barrier construction in the Northern Sand Prevention Belt

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is a globally recognised approach to effectively addresses various challenges through the efficient use of natural resources and adaptive management of ecosystems. The construction of national ecological barriers in China is an example of NbS with distinctive Chinese characteristics. These ecological barriers have systematic, comprehensive and multi-scale characteristics, which are closely related to the objectives, approaches and interventions of NbS. Relative guidelines associated with NbS provide a comprehensive theoretical basis and practical framework. The Northern Sand Prevention Belt stretches across northern China, including six national key ecological function areas, and plays an important role in preventing encroachment of wind and sand. Through the implementation of a series of ecological protection and restoration projects in the region, an ecological barrier system has been formed, resulting in an increase in vegetation cover, a reduction in disasters, an increase in biodiversity and an overall improvement in the ecological quality of the region. However, it highlights the issues of ecological and social vulnerabilities, notable contradictions between ecological protection and resource use, the impact of human activities and climate change, the need to further strengthen the effectiveness of ecological governance, and weak awareness of public participation. The large spatial span of the Northern Sand Prevention Belt, the complexity of the ecosystem and the existence of complex ecological processes within it require the application of NbS for the integrated management of the region. Taking the construction of the ecological barrier belt of the Northern Sand Control Belt as an example, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the coupling relationship between NbS and ecological barriers, which share the same objectives in terms of solving major societal challenges, systemic thinking, ecological orientation, multi-objective synergy, spatial matching and process management. This path is underpinned by the theoretical foundation of pattern-process-scale and guided by the overarching goal of service-value-well-being. The principles of protection-restoration-management are applied to facilitate ecological protection and restoration efforts. A logical framework for the protection-restoration-management programme system is also proposed. It analysed the practical cases of the Northern Sand Prevention Belt, such as the Ulansuhai Nur Watershed in Inner Mongolia and the Kekeya Ecological Management Project in Xinjiang''s Aksu Basin, and summarised the research directions, such as strengthening the research on the coupling mechanism of NbS elements under the background of ecological protection and restoration for the construction of ecological barriers in the Northern Sand Prevention Belt in the future, exploring the ways of applying the full life cycle of NbS concepts and technologies with the methods of effectiveness assessment, and promoting the synergy of ecological improvement and food security, water security, economic development and other multiple social challenges.