基于人类足迹的长江经济带自然保护区保护成效评价

自然保护区保护成效评价是区域可持续发展评估的重要内容。长江经济带具有丰富的生物多样性，科学评价其保护区保护成效对完善其管护措施和建设生态文明具有重要意义。基于人类足迹，从保护区的保护级别、地理经济分区与功能分区三个方面，分析长江经济带2000—2018年保护区内的人类扰动变化，并引入倾向得分匹配法来测度保护区对人类扰动的控制程度。结果表明：(1)长江经济带有35.12%的保护区保护成效良好，50.30%的保护区保护成效尚可，仅有14.58%的保护区成效较差。(2)长江经济带及其保护区的人类足迹整体上均呈增长趋势，但保护区内部增长幅度不足整个地区的一半，这表明保护区虽然没有改变内部人类足迹整体增加的趋势，但有效减缓了其增速。(3)保护区和功能分区的保护等级越高，保护成效越好。(4)长江经济带上游与中游地区保护区的保护成效好于下游地区，特别是“巴山-巫山-武陵山-雪峰山”和云南西部地区的保护区保护成效良好。研究结果可为长江经济带保护区管护措施的完善和生态文明建设提供参考。

Evaluation of effectiveness of nature reserves of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in reducing human disturbance

Evaluating the effectiveness of nature reserves is crucial for promoting regional sustainable development. The Yangtze River Economic Belt of China is a hub of biodiversity. So, evaluating the effectiveness of nature reserves in this region is important to enhance its management and ecological civilization. Based on global human footprint datasets, this study analyzed the changes of the human disturbance in nature reserves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000-2018 from the perspectives of management levels, geographical economic zones, and functional zones. Then the propensity score matching method was used to assess the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human disturbance. The major findings are as follows: ① The number of nature reserves with excellent, good, and poor protection effectiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt accounted for 35.12%, 50.30%, and 14.58%, respectively. ② The human footprint values of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its nature reserves were increasing overall, but the latter increase was less than half of the former. It suggests that although establishing nature reserves in this region has not changed the trend of increasing human footprint, it has effectively slowed down its growth. ③ The higher the management level of nature reserves and their functional zones, the better protection effectiveness. ④ The effectiveness of nature reserves in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was better than that in the lower regions, particularly in the Ba Mountain-Wu Mountain-Wuling Mountain-Xuefeng Mountain area and the western part of Yunnan. These findings can provide a reference for enhancing the management of nature reserves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promoting ecological civilization construction for this region, and even in China.