Scanning transmission electron microscopy of biological structures |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering of Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Cabral, 80.035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil;2. UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, M079, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;3. Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. Atomic and Molecular Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The design of the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has been conceived to optimize its detection efficiency of the different elastic and inelastic signals resulting from the interaction of the high energy primary electrons with the specimen. Its potential use to visualize and measure biological objects was recognized from the first studies by Crewe and coworkers in the seventies. Later the real applications have not followed the initial hopes. The purpose of the present paper is to describe how the instrument has practically evolved and recently begun to demonstrate all its potentialities for quantitative electron microscopy of a wide range of biological specimens, from freeze-dried isolated macromolecules to unstained cryosections. Emphasis will be put on the mass-mapping, multi-signal and elemental mapping modes which are unique features of the STEM instruments. |
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