基于群落种间关系的桫椤植物保护策略研究进展

桫椤科植物是古老的孑遗植物，现存的桫椤天然群落极为罕见，为了解桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)及桫椤科(Cyatheaceae)植物在生物群落的中生存与保育状态研究现状，本文通过搜集国内外关于桫椤及桫椤科植物相关文献进行研究。桫椤科植物分布于高温潮湿、光斑直射的生境，常以斑块状分布于常绿阔叶林林缘。现阶段，桫椤科植物保护面临的主要问题是生态旅游、毁林开荒、环境污染、药材的违法采摘和挖掘等，这导致桫椤科植物的生境遭受干扰和破碎，桫椤科植株数量下降。对桫椤科植物的保护方式主要有就地保护、迁地保护，分子生物学技术在桫椤科植物繁育中应用逐渐增加。生物和非生物因素制约着桫椤科植物的分布和多样性，其中，生物因素特别是种间关系对桫椤植物的生长发育和分布有着重要影响，从种间关系的视角出发探讨桫椤科植物的保护或许不失为新时代桫椤科植物保护的有效方式。讨论了桫椤植科物相关的种间关系：桫椤科植物-微生物互作、桫椤科植物-其他植物互作、桫椤科植物-动物互作，探讨了桫椤科植物面临灭绝的因素以及近年来桫椤科植物相关的保护策略及成效，为桫椤科植物的有效利用和保护提供一定理论基础。

Research Advance in Conservation Strategies of Cyatheaceae Plant Communities Based on Interspecific Relationships

Cyatheaceae is an ancient relict plant, and the existing natural forest community of Cyatheaceae is very rare. In order to learning the research status of the survival and conservation of Alsophila spinulosa and Cyatheaceae plants in the biological community, this review collected the relevant literature on Alsophila spinulosa and Cyatheaceae plants at home and abroad. Cyatheaceae plants are distributed in the habitat with high temperature, humidity and direct light spot, and are often distributed in patches on the edge of evergreen broad-leaved forest. Currently, the main problems must be facing in the protection of Cyatheaceae plants are ecotourism, deforestation and reclamation, environmental pollution, illegal picking andor excavation of medicinal materials, which leads to the disturbance and fragmentation of the habitat of Cyatheaceae plants or the decline of the number of Cyatheaceae plants. The protection methods of Cyatheaceae plants mainly include in-situ protection, ex-situ protection, and more and more appliment of molecular biology technology to breeding process of Cyatheaceae plants. Biological and abiotic factors restrict the distribution and diversity of Cyatheaceae plants. Among them, biological factors, especially interspecific relationship, have an important impact on the growth, development and distribution of Cyatheaceae. Therefore, from the perspective of interspecific relationship, this review exploring the protection of Cyatheaceae plants may be an effective way to protect Cyatheaceae plants in the new era. This paper discusses the interspecific relationships related to Cyatheaceae plants: Cyatheaceae plant interacts with microbial, Cyatheaceae plant interacts with other plant and Cyatheaceae plant interacts with animal, and discusses the factors that Cyatheaceae plants are facing extinction and the protection strategies and achievements related to Cyatheaceae plants in recent years, may be to provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization and protection of Cyatheaceae plants.