Interplay between Cytoskeletal Stresses and Cell Adaptation under Chronic Flow |
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Authors: | Deepika Verma Nannan Ye Fanjie Meng Frederick Sachs Jason Rahimzadeh Susan Z Hua |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.; 2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.; West Virginia University, United States of America, |
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Abstract: | Using stress sensitive FRET sensors we have measured cytoskeletal stresses in α-actinin and the associated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in cells subjected to chronic shear stress. We show that long-term shear stress reduces the average actinin stress and this effect is reversible with removal of flow. The flow-induced changes in cytoskeletal stresses are found to be dynamic, involving a transient decrease in stress (phase-I), a short-term increase (3–6 min) (Phase-II), followed by a longer-term decrease that reaches a minimum in ∼20 min (Phase-III), before saturating. These changes are accompanied by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton from parallel F-actin bundles to peripheral bundles. Blocking mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) with Gd3+ and GsMTx4 (a specific inhibitor) eliminated the changes in cytoskeletal stress and the corresponding actin reorganization, indicating that Ca2+ permeable MSCs participate in the signaling cascades. This study shows that shear stress induced cell adaptation is mediated via MSCs. |
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