Risk factors for non-adherence and loss to follow-up in a three-year clinical trial in Botswana |
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Authors: | Gust Deborah A Mosimaneotsile Barudi Mathebula Unami Chingapane Balladiah Gaul Zaneta Pals Sherri L Samandari Taraz |
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Institution: | Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. dgust@cdc.gov |
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Abstract: | BackgroundParticipant non-adherence and loss to follow-up can compromise the validity
of clinical trial results. An assessment of these issues was made in a
3-year tuberculosis prevention trial among HIV-infected adults in
Botswana.Methods and FindingsBetween 11/2004–07/2006, 1995 participants were enrolled at eight
public health clinics. They returned monthly to receive bottles of
medication and were expected to take daily tablets of isoniazid or placebo
for three years. Non-adherence was defined as refusing tablet ingestion but
agreeing to quarterly physical examinations. Loss to follow-up was defined
as not having returned for appointments in ≥60 days. Between
10/2008–04/2009, survey interviews were conducted with 83
participants identified as lost to follow-up and 127 identified as
non-adherent. As a comparison, 252 randomly selected adherent participants
were also surveyed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to
identify associations with selected risk factors. Men had higher odds of
being non-adherent (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.24; 95%
confidence interval 95%CI]
1.24–4.04) and lost to follow-up (AOR 3.08; 95%CI
1.50–6.33). Non-adherent participants had higher odds of reporting
difficulties taking the regimen or not knowing if they had difficulties (AOR
3.40; 95%CI 1.75–6.60) and lower odds associated with
each year of age (AOR 0.95; 95%CI 0.91–0.98), but other
variables such as employment, distance from clinic, alcohol use, and
understanding study requirements were not significantly different than
controls. Among participants who were non-adherent or lost to follow-up,
40/210 (19.0%) reported that they stopped the medication because
of work commitments and 33/210 (15.7%) said they thought they had
completed the study.ConclusionsMen had higher odds of non-adherence and loss to follow-up than women.
Potential interventions that might improve adherence in trial participants
may include:targeting health education for men, reducing barriers,
clarifying study expectations, educating employers about HIV/AIDS to help
reduce stigma in the workplace, and encouraging employers to support
employee health.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00164281","term_id":"NCT00164281"}}NCT00164281 |
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