Effects of copper, lead and zinc in soil on egg development and hatching of Folsomia candida |
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| Authors: | Jie Xu Yin Wang Yong-Ming Luo Jing Song Xin Ke |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;Soil and Environment Bioremediation Research Centre, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China |
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| Abstract: | Effects of CaCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2 and PbCl2 on development and hatching success of eggs of Folsomia candida (Collembola) were studied under laboratory conditions. Thousands of healthy eggs from synchronized cultures were incubated in soils treated with different concentrations of the metals. Compared with the water control, egg hatch significantly decreased when concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn reached 400, 1600 and 800 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. Values of EC50 (hatching), calculated according to the exponential model (with 95% confidence limits in brackets), were 625 (407–875), 2361 (2064–2687) and 1763 (1548–2000) mg/kg dry soils for Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively. When Cu concentration reached 1600 mg/kg dry soil, eggs became green and the percentage of green eggs changed from 5%–20% after incubation for 2 days to 15%–30% after incubation for 4 days. At 3200 mg Cu/kg dry soil, tissues inside eggs were black and shrunken. |
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| Keywords: | metal pollution soil springtail hatching success metamorphosis toxicity test ultrathin sectioning |
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