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A hominid tooth from Bulgaria: the last pre-human hominid of continental Europe |
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| Authors: | Spassov N Geraads D Hristova L Markov G N Merceron G Tzankov T Stoyanov K Böhme M Dimitrova A |
| Institution: | a National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Blvd Tzar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria b UPR 2147 CNRS, 44 rue de l’Amiral Mouchez, F-75014 Paris, France c UMR 5276 (CNRS, ENS & Université Lyon1), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, 2, rue R. Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France d South-Western University of Blagoevgrad, Natural-Mathematics Faculty, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria e Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at the University of Tübingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany f 54b G. Dimitrov Str., Chirpan, Bulgaria |
| Abstract: | A hominid upper premolar was discovered in the Azmaka quarry, near Chirpan (Bulgaria). The associated fauna, especially the co-occurrence of Choerolophodon and Anancus among the proboscideans, and Cremohipparion matthewi and Hippotherium brachypus among the hipparions, constrains the age of the locality to the second half of the middle Turolian (ca. 7 Ma), making it the latest pre-human hominid of continental Europe and Asia Minor. The available morphological and metric data are more similar to those of Ouranopithecus from the Vallesian of Greece than to those of the early to middle Turolian hominids of Turkey and Georgia, but the time gap speaks against a direct phyletic link, and Turolian migration from the east cannot be rejected. |
| Keywords: | Hominidae Premolar Late Miocene Turolian Balkans Ouranopithecus |
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