Regulation of amino sugar utilization in Bacillus subtilis by the GntR family regulators,NagR and GamR

In Bacillus subtilis separate sets of genes are implicated in the transport and metabolism of the amino sugars, glucosamine and N‐acetylglucosamine. The genes for use of N‐acetylglucosamine (nagAB and nagP) are found in most firmicutes and are controlled by a GntR family repressor NagR (YvoA). The genes for use of glucosamine (gamAP) are repressed by another GntR family repressor GamR (YbgA). The gamR‐gamAP synton is only found in B. subtilis and a few very close relatives. Although NagR and GamR are close phylogenetically, there is no cross regulation between their operons. GlcN6P prevents all binding of GamR to its targets. NagR binds specifically to targets containing the previously identified dre palindrome but its binding is not inhibited by GlcN6P or GlcNAc6P. GamR‐like binding sites were also found in some other Bacilli associated with genes for use of chitin, the polymer of N‐acetylglucosamine, and with a gene for another GamR homologue (yurK). We show that GamR can bind to two regions in the chi operon of B. licheniformis and that GamR and YurK are capable of heterologous regulation. GamR can repress the B. licheniformis licH‐yurK genes and YurK can repress B. subtilis gamA.