| Institution: | 1. Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia and Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, , Canberra ACT, 0200 Australia;2. Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, , Kingston, Tasmania, 7050 Australia;3. Marine Mammal Institute and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, , Newport, Oregon, 97365 U.S.A;4. Centre for Whale Research (Western Australia), , PO Box 1622 Fremantle, Western Australia 6959, Australia;5. DPIPWE, , Hobart, Tasmania, 7000 Australia;6. Blue Planet Marine, , PO Box 919 Jamison Centre, 2614, ACT, Australia;7. Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, , Canberra, ACT, 0200 Australia |
| Abstract: | Humpback whales undertake long‐distance seasonal migrations between low latitude winter breeding grounds and high latitude summer feeding grounds. We report the first in‐depth population genetic study of the humpback whales that migrate to separate winter breeding grounds along the northwestern and northeastern coasts of Australia, but overlap on summer feeding grounds around Antarctica. Weak but significant differentiation between eastern and western Australia was detected across ten microsatellite loci (FST = 0.005, P = 0.001; DEST = 0.031, P = 0.001, n = 364) and mitochondrial control region sequences (FST = 0.017 and ΦST = 0.069, P = 0.001, n = 364). Bayesian clustering analyses using microsatellite data could not resolve any population structure unless sampling location was provided as a prior. This study supports the emerging evidence that weak genetic differentiation is characteristic among neighboring Southern Hemisphere humpback whale breeding populations. This may be a consequence of relatively high gene flow facilitated by overlapping summer feeding areas in Antarctic waters. |
