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Caspases and matrix metalloproteases facilitate collective behavior of non-neural ectoderm after hindbrain neuropore closure
Authors:Naomi Shinotsuka  Yoshifumi Yamaguchi  Kenichi Nakazato  Yudai Matsumoto  Atsushi Mochizuki  Masayuki Miura
Affiliation:1.Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo,Japan;2.Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan;3.Theoretical Biology Laboratory,RIKEN,Wako,Japan;4.Laboratory of Mathematical Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan
Abstract:

Background

Mammalian brain is formed through neural tube closure (NTC), wherein both ridges of opposing neural folds are fused in the midline and remodeled in the roof plate of the neural tube and overlying non-neural ectodermal layer. Apoptosis is widely observed from the beginning of NTC at the neural ridges and is crucial for the proper progression of NTC, but its role after the closure remains less clear.

Results

Here, we conducted live-imaging analysis of the mid-hindbrain neuropore (MHNP) closure and revealed unexpected collective behavior of cells surrounding the MHNP. The cells first gathered to the closing point and subsequently relocated as if they were released from the point. Inhibition of caspases or matrix metalloproteases with chemical inhibitors impaired the cell relocation.

Conclusions

These lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix might facilitate the final process of neuropore closure.
Keywords:
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