Gene flow in a direct-developing,leaf litter frog between isolated mountains in the Taita Hills,Kenya |
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Authors: | G J Measey P Galbusera P Breyne E Matthysen |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;(2) Centre for Research and Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium;(3) Institute for Forestry and Game Management, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Amphibians are in decline worldwide, and high altitude tropical areas appear to be the worst affected. This is in stark contrast
with current information we have on gene flow in amphibian populations which focus on temperate pond breeding species. Using
AFLP markers, we show that a small, direct-developing, leaf litter frog from the Taita Hills in south–west Kenya (Schoutedenella xenodactyloides) has extended populations covering large areas (>3.5 km) of fragmented, forest habitat, uncharacteristic of typical amphibian
models. Further, we demonstrate high levels of gene flow (F
ST < 0.065) through unsuitable dry savannah habitat which might otherwise be considered a barrier to dispersal. Landscape genetic
analysis demonstrates a strong link between hydrologic features, and further highlights links between sites through specific
catchments. We propose a model of passive-active dispersal for the Dwarf Squeaker, S. xenodactyloides, which features passive downhill and active uphill movements over large areas, contrasting with limited cross slope movements.
Our study highlights the importance of the diverse reproductive strategies of the Amphibia when considering dispersal and
gene flow, and hence conservation management. |
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Keywords: | Anura Dispersal AFLP Africa Cloudforest Leaf-litter |
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