Xanthophyll cycle mutants from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii indicate a role for zeaxanthin in the D1 protein turnover |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;2. Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany;1. College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China;2. School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;3. Shenzhen Marine Environment and Resource Monitoring Center, Shenzhen 518060, China;1. Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;2. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;3. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;4. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;5. Lung Cancer Program, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;1. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia;1. London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom;2. Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom;4. Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;5. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Photosynthetic activity, pigment conversion and D1 protein degradation under high light stress has been investigated in a wild type strain and two xanthophyll cycle mutants (npq1 and npq2) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Wild type cells exhibited the well-known inactivation of photosystem II in high light, which was accompanied by the loss of β-carotene and a concomitant increase of zeaxanthin. Complete degradation of D1 protein was found after 2 h of illumination in the presence of chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of chloroplast protein synthesis. The npq1 mutant, which is unable to convert violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, showed a very similar behaviour. For the npq2 mutant, however, which is unable to form violaxanthin from zeaxanthin and thus contains high amounts of zeaxanthin even in low light, photosystem II inactivation was less pronounced. This was paralleled by a much slower D1 protein degradation in chloramphenicol treated cells. Our results support a protective role for zeaxanthin against high light-induced photosystem II inactivation resulting in a slowed-down D1 protein turnover. |
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