The recalcitrance to rooting of the micropropagated shoots of the rac tobacco mutant: Implications of polyamines and of the polyamine metabolism |
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| Institution: | 1. Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel;2. Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, US;1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;2. Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan;3. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;4. Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;5. Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan;1. Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan City 661699, Yunnan Province, PR China;2. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ATSIP, Private Mail Bag PO, Aitkenvale, QLD 4814, Australia;3. Sugar Research Australia, PO Box 117, Ayr, QLD 4807, Australia;4. Cash Crop Research Station, Yuanjiang County 653300, Yunnan Province, PR China;5. Sugar Research Australia, 50 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia;6. Yunnan Key Lab. of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan City 661699, Yunnan Province, PR China;1. Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China;2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | Rooting of wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) shoots raised in vitro was promoted by polyamines in the absence of any other growth regulator and was inhibited by two inhibitors of polyamine metabolism. The auxin insensitive and recalcitrant to rooting rac mutant shoots did not respond to the same treatments. The activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), diamine oxidase (DAO), polyamine oxidase (PAO) and transglutaminases (TGases), and the titres of free and conjugated polyamines were estimated in the whole shoots and the basal parts of the stems of both tobaccos in the course of multiplication in vitro. The rac shoots grew at a lower rate. The wild-type rooted from the 7th day without special treatment. During the second week of culture, the shoots of both tobaccos were actively growing and showed an increase in ADC, ODC, DAO, PAO and TGase activities. Afterwards all these activities declined. These changes were concomitant with an increase in the polyamine contents (free and conjugated). Biosynthesis and oxidation of polyamines apparently occurred simultaneously and seemed directly correlated. In the basal part of the mutant stems however, the accumulation of free and conjugated putrescine as well as the transient increase in biosynthetic enzyme activities were delayed compared to the wild-type. These results are discussed in relation to growth behaviour and to root formation. |
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