计算机模拟渍水时期及持续时间对春玉米生产及产量的影响

借助田间、水槽试验的结果结合Penning de Vries的MACROS模型建立玉米生长发育与水分动态耦合的模拟模型，通过验证后用于模拟不同渍水时期及持续时间对春玉米生长及产量影响的动态，模拟结果表明在田间全程控制水分为田间持水量90％以下，春玉米孕穗期为渍水危害的敏感期，其次为4－6叶期，在自然降水及土壤状况影响下，春玉米幼苗期4－6叶时为渍水的敏感期，8叶及孕穗期相对较耐渍，在玉米4、6叶期时，渍害造成产量下降的临界期为5天；而在8叶、孕穗期为10－15天，但持续20天的渍水对任何时期的春玉米生长都造成严重的影响，因此在生产中应注意在苗期及孕穗期及时排除田间多余的水分及降低地下水位。

Modeling the Effects of Soil Waterlogging Stage and Duration on the Developmentand Yield of Spring Corn

The crop growth model MACROS developed by Penning de Vries was adapted and modified through two years field experiment and soil water controlled plot in 1995-1997 to establish the spring corn simulation model with soil water dynamic module. This paper specify the modification of model structure, data set adaptation and give the comparison between the simulated and measured results and statistics. The modified model presented the quite reasonable agreement with the actual result for the single cropping corn while the relaycropping corn was found with large deviation value of R and V compared to the measured ones. The simulated results using the spring corn model indicated that under the whole controlled soil water within 90% of field capacity condition, the heading and booting stage of spring corn was the most sensitive stage to the soil waterlogging influence, the second sensitive was the 4 and 6 leaf stages. With the influence of rainfall and soil sondition without any control of soil water moisture, 4 to 6 leaf stage of spring corn was the most sensitive stage, then followed with the booting stage and last was the 8 leaf stage. According to the simulation output, the critical time of soil waterlogging effect on the spring corn yield is 5 days at 4-6 leaf stage, 10-15 days at the 8 leaf and booting stage of spring corn. But the 20 days continuous waterlogging will reduce the yield of corn at any development stage. So the drainage of the excessive water and lowering down the soil water table are very important manners in the spring corn production at paddy field.