Coexistence introducing regulation of environmental conditions |
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Authors: | Seto Mayumi Akagi Tasuku |
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Institution: | Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. |
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Abstract: | Interactions between environmental conditions and environment-affecting species have not been investigated extensively. In this study, the population dynamics of species yielding regulative feedback between temperature (a representative of environmental condition) and species with a temperature-altering trait was examined. We considered a simple closed model that described the population of two species (at least one of them had a temperature-altering trait) competing for one resource. The long-term outcomes of the competition and changes of temperature were explored against increasing background temperature. As a result of simulations, the regulation of temperature was accompanied by the coexistence of two species, which was contrary to the 'Gause's exclusion principle'. The steady-state analysis showed that (i) the temperature-altering trait allowed species to coexist and (ii) the coexistence of species with the trait could introduce the regulation of temperature. A 'trade-off' in their ability to utilize a resource plays a key role in this coexistence and homeostasis of temperature. This may imply that actual environmental conditions can be automatically stabilized by resource competition among species in natural ecosystems. |
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Keywords: | Feedback Resource competition Coexistence Trade-off Homeostasis |
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