生态保护补偿的分析框架研究综述

生态保护补偿作为一种让生态系统服务的提供者愿意提供那些具有外部性或者公共物品属性的生态系统服务的激励机制而备受世界关注。系统梳理生态保护补偿的国际研究进展,对于完善中国的生态保护补偿制度建设和推进中国的生态保护补偿实践具有重要的借鉴意义。简要介绍了生态保护补偿的概念、基本思想和特性,然后详细阐述了生态保护补偿分析框架中的核心问题的研究进展,包括生态保护补偿的主体、生态保护补偿的客体、生态保护补偿的标准、生态保护补偿的条件性、生态保护补偿的效率以及生态保护补偿和缓减贫困的关系等,最后总结了国际生态保护补偿研究对于完善中国的生态保护补偿制度建设的启示。未来中国的生态保护补偿研究应该关注的关键问题有:促使私营部门增加在生态系统服务的投资,揭示生态系统服务形成和供给机制,完善生态保护补偿标准的制定,确保生态保护补偿的条件性,做好生态保护补偿的基线和瞄准,研究生态保护补偿对缓减贫困的影响等。

Review on analytical framework of eco-compensation

Eco-compensation has attracted increasing interest as a mechanism to translate external, non-market value of the environment into real financial incentives for local actors to provide environmental services. An international review of eco-compensation, therefore, is essential to perfect institution construction and to improve the practice of China''s eco-compensation. This paper begins with a brief introduction of eco-compensation, namely its definition, its basic logic, and some of its key features. We then proceed to review some core issues in the analytical framework of eco-compensation, such as subject, object, rates, conditionality, efficiency, and the relationship between eco-compensation and poverty alleviation. Finally, we conclude by suggesting how to improve institution construction of China''s eco-compensation using international practice and lessons. In order to improve eco-compensation mechanism in China, efforts should focus on providing entry points for private sector investment in the environment, revealing the mechanism of ecosystem services'' formation and its supply, establishing the gauge of eco-compensation rates, ensuring the conditionality of eco-compensation, setting up baseline and targeting, and finally, studying how eco-compensation contributes to the poverty alleviation.