基于UAV低空遥感的荒漠林大沙鼠洞群覆盖率及分布特征研究——以新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘局部为例

草原鼠害是影响草原生态平衡的重要因素,草原鼠害监测是鼠害防治工作的重要环节。无人机低空遥感是一种新的鼠害监测方法,其具备高空间分辨率、高时效、低成本、低损耗等特点,在新疆鼠害监测防治方法中完成了示范工作。于2015年10月与2016年5月对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的荒漠林大沙鼠典型鼠害区进行两次无人机低空航拍,分别获取分辨率0.02m与0.024m的实验区超高分辨率影像,对两片实验区整幅影像进行目视解译,获得鼠洞分布情况;在鼠洞分布图基础上进行缓冲区分析并添加趋势线,获取鼠洞空间分布趋势,与研究区山体阴影图叠加分析鼠洞分布与地形间的相互关系。通过GIS格网与GIS叠加分析,获取鼠洞洞群覆盖率。得出如下结论:无人机低空遥感可以为大沙鼠鼠害调查提供准确度甚高的解译结果;古尔班通古特沙漠南缘局部研究区的荒漠林大沙鼠鼠害区洞群覆盖率分别为19.4%、18.8%,已为高密度发生区;研究区大沙鼠鼠洞表现出明显的聚集特征和带状分布特征;聚集特征说明鼠洞是以洞群的形式存在;研究区鼠洞带状分布特征与地形有着密不可分的关系;根据其空间分布特征可以科学规划鼠害治理方案;此研究表明无人机低空遥感在鼠害监测防治方面具有广阔的应用前景。

Group coverage of burrow entrances and distribution characteristics of desert forest-dwelling Rhombomys opimus based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude remote sensing: A case study at the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang

Grassland rodents are an important community component affecting the ecological balance of grasslands. Grassland rodent monitoring is also an important part of pest control. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude remote sensing is a new pest monitoring method, which has high spatial resolution, high efficiency, low cost, and low potential for loss. A demonstration project was conducted in Xinjiang to assess its potential as a rodent monitoring and control method. This project was conducted in October 2015 and May 2016 in a desert forest, which is the typical habitat of Rhombomys opimus in Xinjiang, near the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert. A UAV low-altitude aerial survey was conducted in October 2015 and May 2016, 0.02m and 0.024m, respectively, to obtain ultra-high resolution images of the experimental area. The experimental area was divided into two sections for visual interpretation to determine the distribution and conduct a buffer analysis of gerbil holes, and to add a trend line to the gerbil-hole distribution map based on spatial distribution trend analysis and the relationship between the holes and topography in the mountain shadow map overlay. Using GIS grid and GIS overlay analysis, a coverage map of all gerbil holes was created. Based on the results, it was concluded that:UAV low-altitude remote sensing can provide highly accurate distribution information for Rhombomys opimus; the group coverage rate for Rhombomys opimus holes in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert forest zone was 19.4%, where 18.8% has been considered a high density; the research area for Rhombomys opimus exhibited accumulation and zonal distribution characteristics; characteristics of the distribution of Rhombomys opimus holes leading to burrows was obtained for the study area; the zonal distribution of Rhombomys opimus holes and topography were closely related; spatial distribution characteristics could be used for scientific planning of rodent control; and UAV low-altitude remote sensing has broad applications for rodent monitoring and control.