基于耦合模型和遥感技术的江苏中部海岸带生态系统健康评价

以生态系统健康理论为基础,从资源环境、景观生态、人类活动3个方面,按活力、组织力和恢复力3个子系统选取了10个代表性指标,构建了遥感技术支持下的海岸带陆域生态系统健康评价指标体系,并耦合TOPSIS模型和VOR生态系统健康度量模型对江苏中部海岸新洋港至川东港岸段进行了应用评价。研究结果表明:江苏中部海岸生态系统健康状态处于健康和良好的区域占27.62%,一般占60.94%,较差和差占11.44%,整体生态健康状况中等偏好。从地物类型和空间分布来看,斗龙港至四卯酉河岸段以滩涂植被、农田和围海养殖区为主,植被和水体对气候调节有积极作用,整体生态健康状况良好;四卯酉河至王港岸段由于大丰港建设,港区陆域植被覆盖率低、热岛效应强,建筑将原本连通的自然景观隔断,导致斑块数量增多,斑块面积减小,加剧了景观破碎化,对原有海岸带生态系统产生一定的破坏,生态健康状况相对较差;此外,新洋港至斗龙港岸段以及川东港岸段以自然保护区湿地为主,植被覆盖度高,人为干扰程度小,生态健康状况也较好。由于该耦合模型评价方法直接基于遥感监测数据,且无需赋予指标权重,因此研究结果相对更加客观,更能反映海岸带生态系统的实际健康状况。

Ecosystem health assessment of coastal zone in central Jiangsu Province based on coupling model and remote sensing technology

Based on the theory of ecosystem health, ten representative indicators are selected from three subsystems of resources, environment, landscape ecology, and human activities according to vitality, organizational power, and resilience, to construct an ecosystem health evaluation index system of coastal zones using remote sensing technology. Here, we introduce a coupling model of TOPSIS and VOR ecosystem health metrics to assess the ecological health from Xin Yang Port to Chuan Dong Port along the central coast of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that regions with good health accounted for 27.62% of the area, and the moderate health status accounted for 60.94%, and 11.44% were poor; hence the overall ecological health status was moderately favorable. From the perspective of the type and spatial distribution of land cover, DouLong Port to Si Maoyou River is dominated by beach vegetation, farmland, and coastal aquaculture areas. Vegetation and water have a stabilizing effect on climate regulation and the overall ecological health is good. Due to the construction of DaFeng Port, the vegetation coverage in this area is low and the heat island effect is strong. The buildings disrupt the originally connected natural landscape, resulting in the increase of the number of patches and the reduction of the patch area, which aggravates the landscape fragmentation and damage to the ecological system of the original coastal zone, and ecological health is relatively poor. Conversely, the area from Xin Yang port to DuLong Port and ChuanDong Port is dominated by natural reserves with high vegetation coverage, little human interference, and good ecological health. As the coupling model assessment method is based on remote sensing data and does not need to be weighted, the results are more objective and better reflect the actual health status of the coastal ecosystems.