运输过程中水质和鱼类生理指标的变化及运输控制策略

鱼类运输应激是世界范围内面临的重要问题, 标准化运输操作规程的制定有利于水产养殖业的健康发展。血浆皮质醇是经典的应激评价指标, 在运输过程中持续上升, 适用于鱼类短途和长途运输, 而血糖则更适用于鱼类短途运输。乳酸、CO₂、渗透压等生理指标也应更多的被应用于运输应激评价。水质恶化(尤其是pH降低和氨累积)和应激反应是鱼类运输中急需解决的关键问题, 而现有的解决措施并不完善。水质和生理指标是相互影响的, 相关研究中应联合分析两者对运输的影响。文章综合分析了运输对鱼类造成的应激反应、水质恶化以及常用的抗应激运输措施, 进而对后续研究进行展望, 旨在为相关的研究提供基础资料。

WATER QUALITY CHANGES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES DURING LIVE FISH TRANSPORT AND MEASURES TO REDUCE TRANSPORT-RELATED STRESS: A REVIEW

Stress during fish transport is a worldwide important issue. The establishment of species-specific standard transport protocols help the development of aquaculture. Elevated plasma cortisol is a classical stress indicator for both short and long transport, while plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for short transport. Water deterioration (especially water pH reduction and ammonia increase) and stress responses have been key issues that need urgent solutions during live fish transport, however, the main measuring methods are still limited and deficient. Since water deterioration affects fish physiology and fish physiological processes cause water deterioration, the assessments on both water and physiology of fish are special need for live fish transport research. The present study brings an integrated analysis about physiological response and water quality changes during live fish transport and the common methods to reduce transport-related stress, and provides the perspective for future studies on live fish transport.