Biotechnological and administration innovations in insulin therapy

The importance of the intensive control of blood glucose in patients with diabetes has been well documented in several large scale studies. Attempts to attain strict glucose control when managing diabetes have traditionally utilized daily subcutaneous injections of human insulin. This strategy has offered improvements in glycaemic control but is unable to replicate fully the normal diurnal plasma profile of endogenous human insulin. Advances in protein engineering techniques have, however, resulted in the formulation of a number of insulin analogues that offer more desirable properties of absorption from the subcutaneous depot and hence improved insulin profiles in patients with diabetes. Concurrent to the development of insulin analogues, devices to deliver insulin either subcutaneously or by other routes have also advanced. These novel delivery strategies are also likely to contribute to improved glycaemic control for patients with diabetes in the future.