The Influence of Cavity Shape on the Stresses in Composite Dental Restorations: A Finite Element Study

Dental restoration adhering to the cavity exhibits fundamentally different load transfer mechanisms from non-adhering restorations. It is therefore questionable that traditional cavity designs are optimal from a purely mechanical point of view when working with composite materials. Drawing from general engineering experience, it can be hypothesised that smooth, well rounded designs with bevelled margins are superior. A finite element model is used in the present investigation to determine the stress field in four different cavity designs as it develops during the curing of the restoration. The results show that a significant reduction of the stress along the adhesive interface between the tooth and the restoration can be achieved through the use of a rounded cavity shape. They also show that the adoption of bevelled margins leads to a reduction of the stress concentration at this location. These results are confirmed by a set of experimental results published in the literature. It is concluded that adhering restorations will perform better from a mechanical point of view if an appropriate cavity shape is selected.