Impact of maternal heat stress at insemination on the subsequent reproductive performance of Holstein, Brown Swiss,and their crosses |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt;2. Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt;2. National Fund for Scientific Research, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;3. School of Higher Education in Agricultural of Mateur, TN-7030 Mateur, Tunisia;2. Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441–65186, Iran;3. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801;1. Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt;2. Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada;3. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Misurata, P.O. Box 2478, Misurata, Libya;4. Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt;5. Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt;2. Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil;3. Recinto Universitario de Mayaguez, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico;4. Phibro Animal Health, Quincy, IL 62305 |
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| Abstract: | Heat stress in hot environments is one of the major factors that can negatively affect milk production, reproduction, and the health of dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal heat stress at insemination on the subsequent reproductive performance of the pure Holstein (HO), Brown Swiss (BS), and their F1 crossbred (BF) cows, under subtropical Egyptian conditions. The influence of temperature–humidity index (THI) on the pregnancy rate, fetal loss rate, calving traits, and reproductive indices were investigated. Fetal loss rate of pure HO was significantly increased from 17.1% at low THI to 24.9% at greater THI (odds ratio = 2.09; P = 0.032). Furthermore, abortion and stillbirth rates of pure HO were significantly increased from 3.6% and 3.8%, respectively, at low THI to 7.2% and 5.9%, respectively, at greater THI (odds ratio = 2.17 and 2.58; P = 0.037 and 0.031, respectively). In contrast, BS and BF cows can tolerate the heat stress, as there were no differences in the fetal loss, abortion, and calving difficulty rates at the different levels of THI. Pure HO cows had a significant longer calving interval and days open at high THI (449 and 173 days, respectively), compared with low THI (421 and 146 days, respectively). On the contrary, BS and BF cows had no difference in the calving interval at the different levels of THI. Our results indicate that pure BS and BF cows have a better adaptability and competent reproductive performance than pure HO under subtropical conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Holstein Brown Swiss Crossbred Reproduction Temperature–humidity index |
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