Cancer epidemiology in the small nations of Pacific Islands |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia;2. Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;3. Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France;4. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia;1. Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada;2. Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada;3. Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen’s University Cancer Research Institute, Canada;1. Registre des cancers du Bas-Rhin, U1113, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France;2. Service de santé publique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l’hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France;3. Registre des cancers de la Manche, Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin, 46 rue du Val de Saire, 50102 Cherbourg-Octeville, France;4. Registre des tumeurs de l''Hérault, Centre de Recherche, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France;5. Registre général des tumeurs du Calvados, Cancers & Préventions – U1086 Inserm, Centre François Baclesse, Avenue du Général Harris BP 5026, 14076 Caen, France;6. Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du Territoire de Belfort, EA3181, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France;7. Registre des cancers du Tarn, 1, rue Lavazière, BP 37, 81001 Albi cedex, France;8. Institut Claudius Regaud, Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer, IUCT-O, Registre des cancers du Tarn, 31059 Toulouse, France;9. Registre des hémopathies malignes de Basse-Normandie, Unité Fonctionnelle Hospitalo-Universitaire n°0350, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen, France;10. Registre des cancers de l’Isère, CHU de Grenoble, Pavillon E BP 217, 38043 Grenoble 9, France;11. Registre du cancer de la Somme, Service Épidémiologie Hygiène et Santé Publique, CHU Nord, 80054 Amiens, France;12. Service d’épidémiologie et de biostatistique, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l’hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg, France;1. Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;2. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;3. Department of Statistics, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden;4. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden;5. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;6. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, WC1E 6BT London, UK;1. School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Room 103, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, United States;2. Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States;3. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States;4. University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96817, United States;5. Chuuk State Division of Public Health, P.O. Box 400, Weno, Chuuk State 96942, Federated States of Micronesia;6. Comprehensive Cancer Control Program Department of Health Services, P.O. Box 127, Tofol, Kosrae, 96944, Federated States of Micronesia;7. Palau Community College, Koror, 96940, Palau;8. Island Food Community of Pohnpei, Pohnpei, 96941, Federated States of Micronesia;9. P.O. Box 686, Majuro, MH 96960, Marshall Islands;10. P.O. Box 393, Colonia Yap, 96943, Federated States of Micronesia;1. Deparment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States;2. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States;3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States;4. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States;1. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255/room 9E11, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code 21941- 913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. National School of Public Health/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480/room 817b, Manguinhos, Zip Code 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPacific island countries and territories (PICTs) comprise 20,000–30,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. PICTs face challenges in relation to small population sizes, geographic dispersion, increasing adoption of unhealthy life-styles and the burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, including cancer. This study reviews data on cancer incidence and mortality in the PICTs, with special focus on indigenous populations.MethodsPICTs with populations of <1.5 million (‘small nations’) were included in this study. Information on cancer incidence and mortality was extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. Scientific and grey literature was narratively reviewed for publications published after 2000.ResultsOf the 21 PICTs, seven countries were included in the GLOBOCAN 2012 (Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu). The highest cancer incidence and mortality rates were reported in New Caledonia (age-standardized incidence and mortality rates 297.9 and 127.3 per 100.000) and French Polynesia (age-standardized incidence and mortality rates 255.0 and 134.4 per 100.000), with relatively low rates in other countries. Literature indicated that cancer was among the leading causes of deaths in most PICTs; thus they now experience a double burden of cancers linked to infections and life-style and reproductive factors. Further, ethnic differences in cancer incidence and mortality have been reported in some PICTs, including Fiji, Guam, New Caledonia and Northern Mariana Islands.ConclusionCancer incidence in the PICTs was recorded to be relatively low, with New Caledonia and French Polynesia being exceptions. Low recorded incidence is likely to be explained by incomplete cancer registration as cancer had an important contribution to mortality. Further endeavors are needed to develop and strengthen cancer registration infrastructure and practices and to improve data quality and registration coverage in the PICTs. |
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| Keywords: | Pacific islands Epidemiology Neoplasms Incidence Mortality Indigenous |
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