Hormonal and reproductive risk factors of papillary thyroid cancer: A population-based case-control study in France |
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| Institution: | 1. CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), INSERM U1018, Cancer and Environment Team, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France;2. Registre Général des tumeurs de Calvados, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France;3. U1086 Inserm UCNB, Cancers and Prevention, Caen, France;4. Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Jean Godinot, Reims, France;1. Registre des cancers du Bas-Rhin, Laboratoire d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, EA3430, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg CEDEX, France;2. Service de Santé Publique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l’hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France;3. Service d’épidémiologie et de biostatistique, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la porte de l’hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg CEDEX, France;4. Registre des tumeurs de l''Hérault, Centre de Recherche, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France;5. Registre des cancers de la Manche, Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin, 46 rue du Val de Saire, 50102 Cherbourg-Octeville, France;6. Registre des cancers du Tarn, 1, rue Lavazière BP 37, 81001 Albi CEDEX, France;7. Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, LEASP – UMR 1027 Inserm – Université Toulouse III, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France;8. Registre du cancer de la Somme, Service Épidémiologie, Hygiène et Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, 1 place Victor Pauchet, 80054 Amiens CEDEX 1, France;9. Registre des hémopathies malignes de Basse-Normandie, Unité Fonctionnelle Hospitalo- Universitaire n°0350, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen CEDEX, France;10. Registre des cancers de Loire-Atlantique et Vendée, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 50 route de Saint-Sébastien, 44093 Nantes CEDEX 1, France;11. Registre général des cancers de Lille et de sa région, GCS C2RC, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille Hôpital Calmette, boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59037 Lille CEDEX, France;12. Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du Territoire de Belfort ? EA3181, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon Saint-Jacques, 2 place Saint-Jacques, 25030 Besançon CEDEX, France;13. Registre des tumeurs digestives du Calvados, Cancers & Préventions – U 1086 Inserm, Centre François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, BP 5026 14076 Caen CEDEX 5, France;14. Registre des cancers de l’Isère, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Pavillon E, boulevard de la Chantourne BP 217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;15. Registre général des tumeurs du Calvados, Cancers & Préventions – U 1086 Inserm, Centre François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, BP 5026 14076 Caen CEDEX 5, France;p. Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, 31073 Toulouse, France;1. University College London, UK;2. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK;3. MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK;1. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States;2. University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Cancer Control and Population Science Research Program, Chicago, United States;3. Institute for Health Research and Policy, Chicago, United States;4. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States;5. School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;6. University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, United States;7. Survey Research Laboratory, Public Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, 412 South Peoria Street, Chicago, 60607, United States;8. University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, United States;9. Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States;1. Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom;2. School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom;3. Centre of Excellence for Public Health (NI), Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom;1. Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, United States;2. Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;3. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States;1. Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research Unioninkatu 22, 00130 Helsinki, Finland;2. University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, PO Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;3. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland |
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| Abstract: | The three times higher incidence of thyroid cancer in women compared to men points to a role of female sex hormones in its etiology. However the effects of these factors are poorly understood. We analyzed the association between thyroid cancer and hormonal and reproductive factors among women enrolled in CATHY, a population-based case-control study conducted in France. The study included 430 cases of papillary thyroid cancer and 505 controls frequency-matched on age and area of residence. The odds ratios for thyroid cancer increased with age at menarche (p trend 0.05). Postmenopausal women were at increased risk, as compared to premenopausal women, particularly if menopause followed an ovariectomy, and for women with age at menopause < 55 years. In addition, use of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy reduced the association with thyroid cancer by about one third, and breastfeeding by 27%. Overall, these findings provide evidence that the risk of thyroid cancer increases with later age at menarche and after menopause, and decreases with use of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy. These findings confirm an implication of hormonal factors in papillary thyroid cancer risk, whose mechanisms need to be elucidated. |
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| Keywords: | Case-control studies Hormone replacement therapy Oral contraceptives Reproductive history Thyroid neoplasms |
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