Everyday discrimination and diurnal cortisol during adolescence |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, United States;2. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States;3. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States;4. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States;5. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States;6. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States;1. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States;2. Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States;3. Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States;1. The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA;2. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo examine the associations of the frequency and type of everyday discrimination with diurnal cortisol and whether those associations depend upon adolescents' ethnicity and gender.MethodsAdolescents (N = 292, Mage = 16. 39 years, SD = 0.74; 58% female) reported the frequency of perceived everyday discrimination and whether they attributed that discrimination to race, gender, age, or height and weight. Five saliva samples were collected per day across 3 days and assayed for cortisol.ResultsHigher frequency of everyday discrimination was associated with greater total daily cortisol output (area under the curve; AUC), lower wake and bedtime levels of cortisol, and less of a decline in cortisol across the day. These associations generally did not depend upon ethnicity or gender and attributions for the discrimination were not as consequential as the actual frequency of any type of unfair treatment.ConclusionEveryday discrimination, regardless of its type, may contribute to heightened HPA activity among adolescents of different ethnic backgrounds and genders. |
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