Release of acetylcholine by Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNAs from cholinergic neurons.

Xenopus laevis oocytes were injected with poly(A)+ mRNAs extracted from the electric lobes of Torpedo marmorata. The electric lobes contain the perikarya of approximately 120,000 cholinergic neurons that innervate the electric organs and are homologous to motor neurons. The injected oocytes accumulated acetylcholine and were able to synthesize 14C]acetylcholine from 1-14C]acetate. With KCl depolarization and upon treatment with a Ca2+ ionophore, they released their endogenous as well as the radiolabelled neurotransmitter in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. No synthesis or release were obtained from control oocytes. With respect to their dependency upon Ca2+ concentration, the oocytes injected with Torpedo electric lobe mRNAs released acetylcholine in a manner which closely resembled that found in the native synapses. In contrast to the controls, primed oocytes were also able to release 14C]acetylcholine that was injected a few hours prior to the release trial. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the 15 kd proteolipid antigen of the purified mediatophore, a 200 kd presynaptic protein able to translocate acetylcholine, was expressed in the ACh-releasing oocytes but not in the controls. The present observation may provide a useful approach for investigating the proteins involved in the release of acetylcholine and of other neurotransmitter substances.