塔里木河中下游湿地及周边植物群落与环境因子的关系初探

选取塔里木河中下游湿地及周边16个典型植物群落样地调查和环境因子数据,采用主分量分析(PCA)排序技术和回归分析,定量分析湿地及周边植物群落在空间上的分布格局,以及群落结构特征和环境梯度之间的关系.结果表明,影响塔里木河中下游湿地及周边植物群落分布的第1主分量中,土壤水分和盐分影响最大,贡献率为35.70％;在第2主分量中,土壤养分的影响最大,贡献率为25.97％.植物群落分布的生境可分为沼生轻盐中营养生境、湿生中盐中营养生境、中生中盐低营养生境和中旱生重盐低营养生境4种类型.沿不同生境依次分布着沼泽植被、草甸植被、河岸疏林和盐生荒漠 盐化灌丛植被.塔里木河中下游湿地及周边植物群落的生态优势度与土壤水分和盐分复合梯度呈显著的一元线性相关.二元回归分析结果显示,塔里木河中下游湿地及周边土壤水分和盐分复合梯度与多样性指数和生态优势度二元指标呈极显著相关.

Interrelations between plant communities and environmental factors of wetlands and surrounding lands in mid- and lower reaches of Tarim River

A total of 16 quadrants of wetlands and surrounding lands in the mid-and lower reaches of Tarim River were surveyed, and the data about the characteristics of plant communities and environmental factors were collected and counted. By using PCA (principal component analysis) ordination and regression procedure, the distribution patterns of plant communities and the relationships between the characteristics of plant community structure and environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the distribution of the plant communities was closely related to soil moisture, salt, and nutrient contents. The accumulative contribution rate of soil moisture and salt contents in the first principal component accounted for 35.70%, and that of soil nutrient content in the second principal component reached 25.97%. There were 4 types of habitats for the plant community distribution, i.e., fenny-light salt-medium nutrient, moist-medium salt-medium nutrient, mesophytic-medium salt-low nutrient, and medium xerophytic-heavy salt-low nutrient. Along these habitats, swamp vegetation, meadow vegetation, riparian sparse forest, halophytic desert, and salinized shrub were distributed. In the wetlands and surrounding lands of mid-and lower reaches of Tarim River, the ecological dominance of the plant communities was markedly and unitary-linearly correlated with the compound gradient of soil moisture and salt contents. The relationships between species diversity, ecological dominance, and compound gradient of soil moisture and salt contents were significantly accorded to binary-linear regression model.