Mutations and the value of information.

On the basis of the literary data the relative probabilities of the point mutations are evaluated in the proteins and in RNA's. The relative probabilities of the nonsense mutations are estimated. The probability of the nonsense mutation of the codon UGG (Trp) is especially high. The notion of the value of information is introduced as the measure of the irreplaceability of an element of a message. Using the data on replaceabilities of the amino-acidic residues the tentative values of information of the codons and of the amino-acidic residues are determined. The value, i.e. the irreplaceability of the information increases in the course of biological development. The increase of the summary value of the protein chain of cytochrome c in phylogenesis is shown. The increase of the value of information correlates with the increase of the entropy of a protein chain.