First records of the benthic,bloom-forming,non-toxic dinoflagellate Thecadinium yashimaense (Dinophyceae) in Europe: with special emphasis on the invasion in the North Sea |
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| Authors: | Mona Hoppenrath Malte Elbrächter Hannelore Halliger Reinoud P. T. Koeman Alexander Krakhmalnyy Barbara Surek Katrin Erler Bernd Luckas |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research,Helgoland,Germany;2.Department of Botany,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada;3.Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversit?t, Wadden Sea Station Sylt,Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,List/Sylt,Germany;4.Wadden Sea Station Sylt,Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research,List/Sylt,Germany;5.Koeman en Bijkerk BV,Haren,The Netherlands;6.N.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany,National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine,Kiev,Ukraine;7.Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Cologne (CCAC), Universit?t zu K?ln,K?ln,Germany;8.Institut für Ern?hrungswissenschaften,Friedrich-Schiller-Universit?t,Jena,Germany |
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| Abstract: | Thecadinium yashimaense was recorded for the first time in France, Great Britain, The Netherlands, and Germany. The invasion and establishment of the species in the German Bight was documented reliably and is presented here. The geographic expansion of the species from the North Pacific to the North Atlantic Ocean is discussed. This bloom-forming, marine, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate was shown to be non-toxic. Also Thecadinium kofoidii, the type species of the genus, was analyzed for potential toxin production and turned out to be non-toxic as well. |
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| Keywords: | Benthos Dinoflagellate Invasion Plankton Thecadinium Toxins |
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