Corynebacterium sanguinis sp. nov., a clinical and environmental associated corynebacterium

Clinical and environmental-associated strains (n = 17), genotypically related to Corynebacterium spp., yet distinct from any species of the genus Corynebacterium with validly published names, have been isolated during the last 20 years and tentatively identified as Corynebacterium sanguinis, although the combination, “Corynebacterium sanguinis” was never validly published. The comprehensive genotypic and phenotypic characterisations and genomic analyses in this study support the proposal for recognizing the species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name, Corynebacterium sanguinis sp. nov., is reaffirmed and proposed. Strains of Corynebacterium sanguinis are Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, short, pleomorphic and coryneform bacilli, growing aerobically, with CO₂. They contain mycolic acids, major respiratory menaquinones, MK-8 (II-H₂) and MK-9 (II-H₂), and polar lipids, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipids and a novel lipid that remains to be characterized and identified. Strains of Corynebacterium sanguinis are genotypically most similar to Corynebacterium lipophiliflavum, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3% and rpoB sequence similarities of 94.9–95.2%. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis were able to clearly differentiate Corynebacterium sanguinis from the most closely related species. The genome size of Corynebacterium sanguinis is 2.28–2.37 Mbp with 65.1–65.5 mol% G + C content. A total of 2202–2318 ORFs were predicted, comprising 2141–2251 protein-encoding genes. The type strain is CCUG 58655^T (=CCM 8873^T = NCTC 14287^T).