Genomic diversity of chickpea-nodulating rhizobia in Ningxia (north central China) and gene flow within symbiotic Mesorhizobium muleiense populations |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, P.R. China;2. Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Henan Province, 450000, P.R. China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, P.R. China;4. LSTM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France;5. Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan 756000, Ningxia Province, P.R. China;6. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China;7. Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 México, D. F., México;8. Department of Research and Development, Biotechnology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India;9. The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;1. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, Granada, Spain;2. Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;3. Unidad Asociada Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC “Interacciones Planta-Microorganismo”, Spain;4. IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca,Spain;1. Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil;2. Department of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil;3. Centre for Rhizobium Studies (CRS), Murdoch University, 90 South St. Murdoch, WA, Australia;1. IFAPA Centro Las Torres Tomejil, Ctra Sevilla-Cazalla Km 12, 2. 41200 Seville, Spain;2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain;1. Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia;2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0, Canada;1. Laboratory of Biodiversity and Valorization of Arid Areas Bioresources (BVBAA) – Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Erriadh, Zrig 6072, Tunisia;2. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;1. National Gene Bank and Genetic Resources, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt;2. Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt;3. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;4. Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Diversity and taxonomic affiliation of chickpea rhizobia were investigated from Ningxia in north central China and their genomic relationships were compared with those from northwestern adjacent regions (Gansu and Xinjiang). Rhizobia were isolated from root-nodules after trapping by chickpea grown in soils from a single site of Ningxia and typed by IGS PCR-RFLP. Representative strains were phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of the 16S rRNA, housekeeping (atpD, recA and glnII) and symbiosis (nodC and nifH) genes. Genetic differentiation and gene flow were estimated among the chickpea microsymbionts from Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang. Fifty chickpea rhizobial isolates were obtained and identified as Mesorhizobium muleiense. Their symbiosis genes nodC and nifH were highly similar (98.4 to 100%) to those of other chickpea microsymbionts, except for one representative strain (NG24) that showed low nifH similarities with all the defined Mesorhizobium species. The rhizobial population from Ningxia was genetically similar to that from Gansu, but different from that in Xinjiang as shown by high chromosomal gene flow/low differentiation with the Gansu population but the reverse with the Xinjiang population. This reveals a biogeographic pattern with two main populations in M. muleiense, the Xinjiang population being chromosomally differentiated from Ningxia-Gansu one. M. muleiense was found as the sole main chickpea-nodulating rhizobial symbiont of Ningxia and it was also found in Gansu sharing alkaline-saline soils with Ningxia. Introduction of chickpea in recently cultivated areas in China seems to select from alkaline-saline soils of M. muleiense that acquired symbiotic genes from symbiovar ciceri. |
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| Keywords: | Symbiosis Genotyping Phylogeny Alkaline soils |
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