The genetic signature of rapid range expansions: How dispersal,growth and invasion speed impact heterozygosity and allele surfing |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9;2. Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, 632 CAB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1;3. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 122 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5;1. Department of Mathematics and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel;2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Network Biology Research Lab, Technion, Haifa, Israel;1. Infection, Prevention, and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada;2. Computational Epidemiology and Public Health Informatics Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;3. Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;4. School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;1. Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Denmark;2. Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Denmark;1. Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;2. Department of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria;3. Department of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;4. Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;1. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;4. Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;1. Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;2. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | As researchers collect spatiotemporal population and genetic data in tandem, models that connect demography and dispersal to genetics are increasingly relevant. The dominant spatiotemporal model of invasion genetics is the stepping-stone model which represents a gradual range expansion in which individuals jump to uncolonized locations one step at a time. However, many range expansions occur quickly as individuals disperse far from currently colonized regions. For these types of expansion, stepping-stone models are inappropriate. To more accurately reflect wider dispersal in many organisms, we created kernel-based models of invasion genetics based on integrodifference equations. Classic theory relating to integrodifference equations suggests that the speed of range expansions is a function of population growth and dispersal. In our simulations, populations that expanded at the same speed but with spread rates driven by dispersal retained more heterozygosity along axes of expansion than range expansions with rates of spread that were driven primarily by population growth. To investigate surfing we introduced mutant alleles in wave fronts of simulated range expansions. In our models based on random mating, surfing alleles remained at relatively low frequencies and surfed less often compared to previous results based on stepping-stone simulations with asexual reproduction. |
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| Keywords: | Dispersal Genetic diversity Heterozygosity Invasion Range expansion |
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