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油瓜的民族植物学研究
引用本文:王趁、,张玲玲,王雨华.油瓜的民族植物学研究[J].植物分类与资源学报,2015,37(2):209-213.
作者姓名:王趁、  张玲玲  王雨华
作者单位:1 中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650201;2 中国科学院大学,北京100049
基金项目:科技基础性工作专项;西南民族地区重要工业原料植物调查 (2012FY110300)
摘    要:油瓜Hodgsonia macrocarpa,葫芦科多年生木质藤本植物。自20世纪初其食用价值被发现以来,各国科学家对其油脂组成、栽培利用进行了广泛研究。而油瓜的民族植物学系统研究则鲜为报道。本文运用关键人物访谈、小组讨论等民族植物学方法对油瓜的传统知识进行深入调查。本研究对西双版纳地区23个村寨的8个民族进行多次野外调查,记录民间传统利用数据,采集凭证标本。调查结果显示,油瓜的民族民间名多样;烤熟后的种仁被各民族所喜食;油瓜的根、茎、叶、果皮、种仁均可入药,主要用于肠道类疾病与皮肤类疾病的治疗。当地名称的多样性反映了各民族认识油瓜角度的差异,各民族间在油瓜食用知识方面较为一致,在药用知识上具在一定的差异。

关 键 词:油瓜  民族植物学  传统知识  西双版纳
收稿时间:2014-04-15

Ethnobotanical Survey on Traditional Knowledge of Hodgsonia macrocarpa,Xishuangbanna, SW China
WANG Chen-、,ZHANG Ling-Ling-,WANG Yu-Hua-.Ethnobotanical Survey on Traditional Knowledge of Hodgsonia macrocarpa,Xishuangbanna, SW China[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2015,37(2):209-213.
Authors:WANG Chen-、  ZHANG Ling-Ling-  WANG Yu-Hua-
Institution:1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:Hodgsonia macrocarpa, commonly known as lardfruit, is a perennial woody vine belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. Since the food value of its kernel was reported in the early 20th century, increasing studies have been focused on the introduction and cultivation of the wild populations and chemical analysis of the edible kernel oils. While its ethnobotanical details about local nomenclaetures, gathering techniques, form of consumption and folk resouce management are left unclear. In this study we collected these ethnobotanical data from 8 ethnic groups by conducting field survey in 23 ethnic villages in Xishuangbana. Methods including key informants interview and group discussion were used for recording the traditional medicinal and culinary knowledge of lardfruit. The results show an unexpected diversity of their folk names, which indicate the long history of folk uses. The baked edible kernel is favored by all the 8 ethnic groups. The root, stem, leaf, fruit and seed are widely used as herbal medicine for the treatment of intestinal diseases and skin ailments. The diverse folk names and multiple medicinal uses practice among different ethnic groups indicate that they exploited this plant resource in various perspectives for culture, economic and social reasons.
Keywords:Lardfruit  Hodgsonia macrocarpa  Ethnobotany  Traditional knowledge  Xishuangbanna
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