补偿能力和适口性对放牧群落植物优势度的影响

通过模拟刈割试验和样方调查,研究了9种植物的补偿能力及其在放牧群落中优势度变化趋势.结果表明：多数植物的补偿能力与适口性有一定的相关性,适口性较好的多枝黄芪、金花苜蓿、矮嵩草及珠芽蓼的补偿指数较高,分别为1.013、0.907、0.849和0.802,垂穗披碱草(0.668)次之,适口性差的藏蒲公英、獐牙菜及细叶亚菊的补偿指数较低,分别为0.649、0.587和0.553;中华羊茅的适口性较好，但其补偿指数最低,为0.473.优势度变化呈增加型、减少型、中性3种放牧反应类型，其中,中华羊茅为减少型,多枝黄芪、珠芽蓼、垂穗披碱草为中性型,其余5种为增加型.补偿能力、适口性在一定程度上可以解释植物在放牧群落中优势度的变化趋势.

Effects of compensation capacity and palatability on the dominance of plant species in grazing community.

With simulated mowing experiment and field survey, the compensation capacity and dominance shift of nine alpine plant species in grazing community were studied. The results showed that for most test species, there existed definite correlations between their compensation capacity and palatability. The species with better palatability, i.e.,Astragalus polycladus, Medicago rythenica, Kobresia humilis, and Polygonum viviparvum, had higher compensation capacity, with their compensation index being 1.013, 0.907, 0.849, and 0.802, respectively, followed by Elymus nutans, with its compensation index being 0.668, while the species with poorer palatability, i.e., Taraxacum tibetanum, Swertis bimaculata, and Ajania tenuifolia had lower compensation capacity, with their compensation index being 0.649, 0.587, and 0.553, respectively. Festuca sinensis was more palatable but had the lowest compensation index (0.473). The nine species had three types of dominance shift, i.e., decreasing, increasing, and neutral. F. sinensiswas of decreasing type， E. nutans, A. polycladus and P. viviparvum were of neutral, and the other five species were of increasing type. The compensation capacity and palatability of plant species in grazing community could explain their dominance shift to a certain extent.