The changes in pectin metabolism in flax infected with Fusarium |
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| Authors: | Wioleta Wojtasik Anna Kulma Kamil Kostyn Jan Szopa |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Dpto. de Ingeniería Energética, C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;2. AREVA GmbH, Paul-Gossen-Strasse 100, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;1. Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute F.-A. Forel, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 10, route de Suisse, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center of Bright Dairy and Food Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China;3. Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada;1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100193, P.R.China;2. United States Department of Agriculture — Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Crop Genetics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;3. Research Institute of Cash Crop, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, P.R.China;1. Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.;2. School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, U.K. |
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| Abstract: | Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium oxysporum are the most common fungal pathogens of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), thus leading to the greatest losses in crop yield. A subtractive cDNA library was constructed from flax seedlings exposed for two days to F. oxysporum. This revealed a set of genes that are potentially involved in the flax defense responses. Two of those genes directly participate in cell wall sugar polymer metabolism: UDP-d-glucuronate 4-epimerase (GAE; EC 5.1.3.6) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH; EC 1.2.1.2). GAE delivers the main substrate for pectin biosynthesis, and decreases were detected in its mRNA level after Fusarium infection. FDH participates in the metabolism of formic acid, and the expression level of its gene increased after Fusarium infection. However, metabolite profiling analysis disclosed that the pectin content in the infected plants remained unchanged, but that there were reductions in both the levels of the soluble sugars that serve as pectin precursors, and in the level of formic acid. Since formic acid is the product of pectin demethylesterification, the level of mRNAs coding for pectin methylesterase (EC 3.1.1.11) in the infected flax was measured, revealing a decrease in its expression upon plant infection. Transgenic flax plants overexpressing fungal polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) and rhamnogalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.-) showed a decrease in the pectin content and an elevated level of formic acid, but the level of expression of the FDH gene remained unchanged. It is suspected that the expression of the formate dehydrogenase gene is directly controlled by the pathogen in the early stage of infection, and additionally by pectin degradation in the later stages. |
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