植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的表达调控以及对非生物胁迫的耐受作用

抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate peroxidase, APX)属于I型血红素过氧化物酶, 它催化H2O2依赖的L-抗坏血酸氧化作用, 对抗坏血酸表现出高度的专一性。植物APX基因家族由4个亚家族组成, 分别为细胞质、叶绿体、线粒体和过氧化物酶体基因亚家族, 每个亚家族中又含有不同的APX同工酶。作为植物抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中的一个关键组分, APX在细胞H₂O₂代谢过程中起着至关重要的作用。研究表明植物APX是氧化还原信号系统中调节细胞水平H₂O₂非常重要的一种酶, APX同工酶的表达机制非常复杂, 细胞质APX受多种信号调节表达, 两种叶绿体APX通过选择性剪接进行组织特异性调节。通过调控产生的APX可调节细胞中的氧化还原信号, 进而提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性。文章综述了植物APX的催化机制、表达调控机理以及响应植物非生物逆境胁迫的重要作用。

Expression regulation of plant ascorbate peroxidase and its tolerance to abiotic stresses

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), a type I heme peroxidase, catalyzes oxidation of ascorbic acid. It possesses a high degree of specificity to ascorbic acid. APX gene cluster consists of four sub-clusters: the gene clusters of cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxidase. As a key component of hydrogen peroxide detoxification system, the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, APX plays a vital role in the metabolism of H₂O₂ of plant cells. Studies showed that APX is one of the most important enzymes, which modulate the cellular H₂O₂ level in redox signaling system. The expression mechanisms of APX isoenzymes are quite complex. Briefly, cytosolic APX is regulated by a variety of signals; two chloroplastic APX isoenzymes are tissue-dependently regulated by alternative splicing. Generated APXs could regulate redox signaling in cells, which further boosts plants tolerance to abiotic stresses. This review focuses on recent advances concerning catalytic properties, physiological function, and gene expressing regulation and abio-stress responding mechanism of APX.