台湾的微生物防治

化学防治自1940年代后虽然为农业和医界害虫防治带来许多的经济效益。相对的。因其对非标的生物(有益生物，野生生物．家畜及农场操作人员)有毒害作用．及其残留量(residue)可在空气中．土壤，水中发现．又可经作物带给消费。也使我们得考虑其安全性．

MICROBIAL CONTROL OF TAIWAN

The surveys of entomogenous pathogens present in Taiwan and their possible applications were initiated by Japanese workers in 1910s.However,infection of sugarcane pests with entomopathogens and introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis products were carried out not till 1950S.About ten entomogenous fungi,one bacterial pathogen were isolated and studied between 1960 and early 1970 under the supervision of Professor D.F.Yen.The use of a combination of B.thuringiensis,lsaria,and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus against the pine caterpillar,Dendrolimus punctatus,in 1968 was a strikingly successful example of application of microbial control in Taiwan.The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Spodoptera litura and Heliothis as well as granulosis virus of Plutella xylostella,Pieris rapae crucivora have been iso- lated from 1970 through 1980.Recently microbial control of insect pests has been widely stu- died in Taiwan.And the researchers pay more attention on the application techniques of Bt, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae.Meanwhile,a group of researchers has either surveyed the indigenous virulent strains or through the utilization of genetic engineering and biotechnology to improve the efficacy of microbial agents.The B.thuringiensis products are registered for control of tea,vegetable and forest insect pest,besides,they are now recognized by vegetable growers as effective against Diamondback moth which shown resistance to chemical insecticides.The use of microbial control as alternatives to chemical pesticides is been encouraging.In addition, production of microbial agents of indigenous pathogens re- mains to be exploited.