趋磁细菌生态学研究进展

趋磁细菌是一类革兰氏阴性的原核生物,广泛分布于淡水和海水环境中的有氧-无氧过渡区.趋磁细菌的分布与其环境中的氧、硫化物及铁等的浓度相关,不同种类分布在不同的物化梯度范围内.趋磁细菌的生长、磁小体的合成及磁小体的成分对环境有一定程度的指示作用.它们在生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用.主要针对以上研究内容进行回顾,同时结合本实验室的一些研究结果做初步的分析,并对趋磁细菌生态学研究进行展望.

Progress in the study of magnetotactic bacteria ecology

Magnetotactic bacteria represent a diverse group of Gram-negative microorganisms with respect to morphology, physiology and phylogeny. They have a cosmopolitan distribution in sediments or water columns with horizontal chemical stratification. The highest numbers of magnetotactic bacteria are generally found at the oxic-anoxic transition zone or redoxcline, located at the sediment/water interface or just below the interface. The distribution and abundance of mangetotactic bacteria appear to be dependent on the presence of opposing gradients of oxygen, sulfur or availability of soluble iron. Different species show different preference within vertically physical and chemical gradients. The growth of magnetotactic bacteria, synthesis of magnetosomes and composition of magnetosomes can reflect environmental conditions to a certain degree. Magnetotactic bacteria may play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles, especially in iron cycle. The purpose of this review is to highlight these recent discoveries including our research. Perspectives for further ecological research are discussed.