中国鲀形目鱼类嗅觉器官类型的研究

嗅觉器官是鱼类的一种重要感觉器官,它感受由化学而引起的刺激。各种鱼类的感觉器官是十分不同的,不少学者研究了它的构造及其生理机能。以往对鲀形目鱼的嗅觉器官构造的研究报道甚少,大多注意了它的外鼻孔的形态变化,仅在少数文章(Hora,1975)提到鲀形目鱼的嗅觉器官极不发达。为了弄清它的构造特点,解剖观察了中国鲀形目代表性种类的嗅觉器官,对它们的构造特征进行了比较研究,发现它们在各不同分类阶元有独特的构造。

A STUDY ON THE PATTERNS OF THE OLFACTORY ORGAN OF TETRAODONTIFORM FISHES IN CHINA

This paper presents a comparative study on the axternal and internal structure of the olfactory organs of Tetraodontiform fishes of China. Forty-four species "of Chinese Tetraodontiform fishes, belonging to, 34 genera, 9 families. 3 suborders were dissected. According to the differences of their structures, the olfactory organs may be divided into 3 patterns: (1) double-nostril pattern; (2) single-nostril pattern; and, (3) non-nostril pattern. The double-nostril pattern may be further subdivided into 4 subpatterns: rosette-shaped (Triacanthodidae. Triacanthidae, Balistidae), single-folded (Monacanthidae, Psilocephalidae, Aracanostracion), many-folded (Lagocephalus, Gastrophysus, Fugu, Amblyrhynchotes), and unfolded (Ostracidae, Kentrocapros, Dio-don, some Chilomycterus). The single-nostriled pattern may also be subdivided into double-valved (Chdonodon, Boesemanichthys) and non-valved subpatterns (Canthi-gaster). The non-nostriled pattern may further be subdivided into fork-valved.(Aro-thron) and disc-valved suhpatterns (Chilomycterus affinis)There are different taxonomic characteristics separating families and genera in Tetraodontiformes. The olfactory organs of these fishes are not well developed but very specialized, belonging to "microsmat". Most of them live close to the bottom of the water and swim slowly. When they search for food, the visual organ plays a more important role than the olfactory organ, so they may be considered as "visual fishes".The paper also discusses the relationships of different patterns of the olfactory organ in different groups or taxa of Tetraodontiformes (figure 11).