基于生态承载力的城市生态调控

城市生态系统承载力反映了城市生态支持系统对城市发展的支撑功能,它是供给与需求的统一体,社会经济发展的无限需求与生态支持系统的有限供给之间的矛盾决定了城市生态系统承载力的阈限必然存在。引入生态承载力理论,结合其阈限性,解析了导致城市生态危机的生态承载力供需失衡根源。而生态承载力的阈限特征通常在少数瓶颈要素上表现出来,因此城市生态调控最终落脚到调节生态承载力瓶颈要素的供需上。针对瓶颈要素,给出了城市生态调控的层次、方法和蓝图,即从自然、功能和人文3个层次,根据具体情况采取调节供给或需求的措施进行生态调控,最终实现稳定的、持续的城市发展。

Urban ecological regulation based on ecological carrying capacity

The urban ecosystem carrying capacity(UECC)represents the sustaining function of urban ecological supporting system(UESS)on urban development.It is an unity integrating supply of UESS and demand of urban development that link,influence,and restrict each other.The conflict between the infinite demand of urban socioeconomic development and finite supply of UESS determines the threshold value of UECC.Employing the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC)and considering its threshold,we analyzed the situations of imbalance between supply and demand of ECC,which results in an urban ecological crisis.The imbalance,i.e.the threshold of UECC,is usually caused by a few limiting factors.Therefore,corresponding urban ecological regulation(UER)should focus on the imbalance between supply and demand of these limiting factors.Having identified the limiting factors of UECC,we gave the regulative layers,concrete measure,and the blueprint of UER.In a word,the UER is actualized from three levels including natural,functional,and human levels,by the means of regulating supply or demand of limiting factors according to actual situations.By these efforts,the steady and sustainable urban development will be obtained finally.