无花瓣油菜雄蕊心皮化突变体细胞学观察及基因表达分析

油菜是我国重要的油料作物，油菜花器官具有典型的十字花科特点，无花瓣油菜在花期不存在花冠层，这种特点有助于提高油菜产量，预防茵核病的传播。雄蕊心皮化是指花器官的雄蕊结构被具有类似于雌蕊结构的器官代替，这不仅造成了花器官结构的变化也导致了雄性不育。本文通过对无花瓣油菜雄蕊心皮化突变不育分离群体中的雄性可育株和不育株的比较研究，发现心皮化现象是由遗传因素引起的。细胞学观察发现，雄蕊心皮化在花器官发育的早期就已经产生，心皮化的雄蕊中着生类似于胚珠的结构，其顶端细胞的形态和排列方式也与雌蕊柱头相似。花发育相关基因的表达分析表明，B组基因彳丹在不育株3轮花器中的表达都比可育株低，特别是在第二轮花器官中这种差异最为突出。而A组基因AP1在不育株第二轮花器官中的表达量较可育株高。c组基因AGL8、SHPI、SHP2、NAP在不育株心皮化的第二轮花器官中表达都较可育株中高。

Cytological Characterization and Gene Expression of Carpelloid Stamen of Apetalous Flower in Brassica napus L.

Rape is an important oil crop, its flower organ has typical characteristics cruciferous flower. There is no flower canopy in apetalous rape, this can result in increasing production and preventing disease infection. The carpellody of stamens refers to the stamens structure of the flower transformed to carpel, this not only causes the alteration of the flower structure, but also leads to the male sterility. In this study, we compared apetalous flower with carpelloid stamens （AS） with apetalous fertile flower （AF）. The results showed that carpellody of stamen was controlled by genetic factors and was initiated in the early stage of flower bud development. There were some ovule-like organs in the carpelloid stamens of AS, and the forms and arrangement of apical cells of AS carpelloid stamens were similar to the pistil of AF. Expression of several genes related to flower development were detected. The results show that expression of AP3 of class B in all floral organs of AS were lower than those of AF, particularly in stamens. Correspondingly the expression of AP1 of class A and SHP1, SHP2, NAP, AGL8 of class C in the carpelloid stamens of AS was higher than that in AF stamens.