植物硒生理及与重金属交互的研究进展

硒是一种重要的微量元素，在低浓度时对生物有益，但高浓度时呈现与重金属类似的毒性。植物作为人体硒摄入的主要来源，其硒代谢对于植物硒积累乃至人体硒营养水平十分重要。研究植物硒吸收、代谢和积累机理能指导富硒粮食的生产，是解决人体硒摄入不足/超量问题的有效途径。本文在阐述土壤硒含量、形态、生物有效性及分布的基础上，综述了植物对硒的吸收、代谢机理的研究进展，并讨论了农业生物强化以及遗传育种生物强化等两种硒生物强化的实践方法，以及利用硒生物强化缓解重金属毒性减少积累；最后，提出了植物硒代谢及硒生物强化研究的前沿问题，以期为改善人体硒营养水平提高人体健康状况提供理论和实践依据。

Progresses on Selenium Metabolism and Interaction with Heavy Metals in Higher Plants

Selenium （Se） is an essential element for many organisms and toxic when its concentration elevated. As plants are the main source of dietary Se, plant Se metabolism therefore is important for Se nutrition of hu-man and the Se status in the ecosystem. Plant Se uptake and metabolism can be exploited for the purposes of developing Se-enriched crop cultivars （biofortiifcation） and reducing the health risk of heavy metals. Here we summarize the concentration, forms, distribution and bioavailability of Se in the soil, which predetermines the accumulation of Se by plants. We also review the main knowledge of Se uptake and metabolism in the higher plant underpinning Se biofortiifcation strategies and antagonism to heavy metals. Two complementary bioforti-ifcation approaches including agronomic approaches and genetic approaches, which have been successfully ad-opted to increase the concentrations of Se in plant food, are also discussed. In addition, the interaction between Se and heavy metals was present in order to provide comprehensive perspective. In the end, related hotspot problems on the aspect of Se metabolism and biofortiifcation were proposed to help in the better management of the agricultural production of Se-rich crops for biofortiifcation.