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Species-specific kaempferol derivatives in ferns of the appalachian Asplenium complex
Authors:Jeffrey B. Harborne  Christine A. Williams  Dale M. Smith
Affiliation:Phytochemical Unit, Plant Science Laboratory, The University, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 2AS UK;Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, CA 93106, USA
Abstract:A series of kaempferol derivatives have been identified in fronds of three parental species of the Appalachian Asplenium complex. Asplenium platyneuron is characterised by the presence of the 7-glucoside of kaempferol 3,4′-dimethyl ether and also contains kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside, free and with an aliphatic acyl attachment. By contrast, A. rhizophyllum contains a remarkable caffeoyl complex of kaempferol glycosides, which appears to be chromatographically homogenous. However, on deacylation, the complex yields caffeic acid and the 7-glucoside, 3,7-diglucoside, 3-sophoroside-7-glucoside and 7,4′-diglucoside of kaempferol. Asplenium montanum, in addition to having previously characterised glycosylxanthones, has two further kaempferol derivatives. It has been confirmed that these various species specific flavonoids are inherited in an additive fashion in three interspecific hybrids.
Keywords:Aspleniaceae  Filicinae  ferns  chemistry of hybrids  kaempferol 3,4′-dimethyl ether 7-glucoside  kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside  kaempferol 7,4′-diglucoside  acylated kaempferol glucosides
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