Einwanderungsrouten nach Mitteleuropa

Butterflies – who is coming, who is going? Immigration routes to Central Europe The majority of butterflies and burnet moths distributed in Central Europe today results from postglacial colonisation of this region mostly from expansions out of the well known Mediterranean refuge areas. The study region was mostly colonised west or east of the Alps, which represent a strong dispersal obstacle. Species being widespread under glacial conditions in Central Europe have retreated under the warm conditions of the Postglacial to the high mountain systems or the Arctic. Therefore, they are mostly restricted to the high altitudes of the Alps in Western Central Europe. Nevertheless, some species have even survived in lowland areas of Central Europe during glacial and inter‐/postglacial conditions, but these species are either better adapted to glacial or to inter‐/postglacial conditions.