Inhibition of heat shock protein 90, a novel RET/PTC1-associated protein, increases radioiodide accumulation in thyroid cells

RET/PTC1 is a rearranged form of the RET tyrosine kinase commonly seen in papillary thyroid carcinomas. It has been shown that RET/PTC1 decreases expression of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), the molecule that mediates radioiodide therapy for thyroid cancer. Using proteomic analysis, we identify hsp90 and its co-chaperone p50cdc37 as novel proteins associated with RET/PTC1. Inhibition of hsp90 function with 17-allylamino-17-demothoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) reduces RET/PTC1 protein levels. Furthermore, 17-AAG increases radioiodide accumulation in thyroid cells, mediated in part through a protein kinase A-independent mechanism. We show that 17-AAG does not increase the total amount of NIS protein or cell surface NIS localization. Instead, 17-AAG increases radioiodide accumulation by decreasing iodide efflux. Finally, the ability of 17-AAG to increase radioiodide accumulation is not restricted to thyroid cells expressing RET/PTC1. These findings suggest that 17-AAG may be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent, not only to inhibit proliferation but also to increase the efficacy of radioiodide therapy in patients with thyroid cancer.